Per L.
2014-10-25 10:14:37
|
SV: MD80
MD-81
The MD-81 (or as it was originally known the DC-9 Super 81 or DC-9-81) was the first production model of the MD-80, and apart from the MD-87, the differences between the various long body MD-80 variants is relatively minor. The four long body models (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) only differ from each other in having different engine variants, fuel capacities, and weights. The MD-88 and later build versions of the other models have more up-to-date flight decks featuring for example EFIS.
Dimensions: The basic "long body" MD-80 versions (MD-81, MD-82, MD-83, and MD-88) have an overall length of 147 feet 10 inches (45.06 m), and a fuselage length of 136 feet 5 inches (41.58 m) that is 4.62 m longer than the DC-9-50 and 13.51 m longer than the initial DC-9, the Series 10. Wingspan was also increased by 4.4 m in comparison with earlier DC-9s at 107 feet 10.2 inches (32.873 m). The aircraft's passenger cabin, from cockpit door to aft bulkhead, is 101 feet 0 inches (30.78 m) long and, as with all versions of the DC-9, has a maximum cabin width (trim-to-trim) of 123.7 inches (3.14 m).[17]
Powerplant: The initial production version of the MD-80 was the Pratt and Whitney JT8D-209 18,500 lbf (82 kN) thrust powered MD-81. Later build MD-81s have been delivered with more powerful JT8D-217 and -219 engines.
APU: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with an AlliedSignal (Garrett) GTCP85-98D APU as standard, which is located in the aft fuselage.
Performance: Standard MTOW on the MD-81 is 140,000 lb (64,000 kg) with the option to increase to 142,000 lb (64,000 kg). Fuel capacity is 5,840 US gallons (22,100 L), and typical range, with 155 passengers, is 1,565 nmi.[3]
Flight Deck: The MD-80 is equipped with a two crew flightdeck similar to that on the DC-9 from which it evolved. Later models could be equipped to a higher specification with EFIS displays in place of the traditional analogue instruments, TCAS, windshear detection, etc. An EFIS retrofit to non-EFIS equipped aircraft is possible.
Cabin: Typical passenger cabin seating arrangements include:[3]
A mixed-class, with aft full-service galley, configuration for a total of 135 passengers with 12 first class, four-abreast 36-inch seat pitch.123 economy-class passengers, five-abreast, 32 in pitch.All-economy layout for 155 passengers, five-abreast, 32- and 33-inch pitch.A typical high-density layout is for 167 one class (i.e., Airtours).
Undercarriage: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit with spray deflector and twin main units with rock deflectors. The MD-80T, developed for the Chinese, differs in that the main units are each fitted with a four-wheel double main bogey undercarriage to reduce pavement loading.[3][16]
Aerodynamic Improvements: From mid-1987, new MD-87-style low-drag "beaver" tail cones were introduced on all Series of MD-80s, reducing drag and hence improving fuel burn. It would seem that some operators have been modifying the old DC-9-style cones on earlier-build MD-80s to the new low-drag style. SAS is one airline that has done this, citing both the improved economics as well as cosmetic improvement for the modification.[3]
MD-81 timeline[edit]
Formal launch: October 1977.
First flight: October 18, 1979.
FAA certification: August 25, 1980.
First delivery: September 13, 1980 to Swissair
Entry into service: October 10, 1980 with Swissair on a flight from Zurich to Heathrow.
Last delivery: June 24, 1994 to JAL Domestic
MD-82
Announced on April 16, 1979, the MD-82 (DC-9-82) was a new MD-80 variant with similar dimensions to those of the MD-81 but equipped with more powerful engines. The MD-82 was intended for operation from 'hot and high' airports but also offered greater payload/range when in use at 'standard' airfields. American Airlines is the world's largest operator of the MD-82, with at one point over 300 MD-82s in the fleet.
Originally certificated with 20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust JT8D-217s, a -217A-powered MD-82 was certificated in mid-1982 and became available that year. The new version featured a higher MTOW (149,500 lb (67,800 kg)), while the JT8D-217As had a guaranteed take-off thrust at temperature of up to 29 degrees C or 5,000 ft (1,500 m) altitude. The JT8D-217C engines were also offered on the MD-82, giving improved sfc. Several operators took delivery of the -219-powered MD-82s, while Balair ordered its MD-82s powered by the lower-thrust -209 engine.[3][16]
The MD-82 features an increased standard MTOW initially to 147,000 lb (67,000 kg), and this was later increased to 149,500 lb (67,800 kg). Standard fuel capacity is the same as that of the MD-81, 5,840 US gal (22,100 l), and typical range with 155 passengers is 2,050 nautical miles (3,800 km).[3][16]
MD-82 timeline[edit]
Announced/go-ahead: April 16, 1979.
First flight: January 8, 1981.
FAA certification: July 29, 1981.
First delivery: August 5, 1981 to Republic Airlines.
Entry into service: August, 1981 with Republic Airlines.
Last delivery: November 17, 1997 to U-Land Airlines of Taiwan.
The MD-82 was assembled under license in Shanghai by the Shanghai Aviation Industrial Corporation (SAIC) since November 1986; the sub-assemblies were delivered by McDonnell Douglas in kit form.[3] China had begun a pure cargo version design, designated as Y-13, but the project was subsequently cancelled with the conclusion of the license assembly of MD-82/90 in China.[20][21]
MD-83
The MD-83 (DC-9-83) is a longer range version of the basic MD-81/82 with higher weights, more powerful engines, and increased fuel capacity.
Powerplant: Compared to earlier models, the MD-83 is equipped with slightly more powerful 21,000 lbf (93 kN) thrust Pratt and Whitney JT8D-219s as standard.
Performance: The MD-83 features increased fuel capacity as standard (to 6,970 US gal (26,400 l)), which is carried in two 565 US gal (2,140 l) auxiliary tanks located fore and aft of the centre section. The aircraft also has higher operating weights, with MTOW increased to 160,000 lb (73,000 kg) and MLW to 139,500 lb (63,300 kg). Typical range for the MD-83 with 155 passengers is around 2,504 nautical miles (4,637 km). To cope with the higher operating weights, the MD-83 incorporates strengthened landing gear including new wheels, tires, and brakes, changes to the wing skins, front spar web and elevator spar cap, and strengthened floor beams and panels to carry the auxiliary fuel tanks. From MD-80 line number 1194, an MD-81 delivered in September 1985, it is understood that all MD-80s have the same basic wing structure and in theory could be converted to MD-83 standard.[3]
MD-83 timeline[edit]
Announced/go-ahead: January 31, 1983.
First flight: December 17, 1984.
FAA certification: October 17, 1985 (MTOW 149,500 lb (67,800 kg)). MTOW of 160,000 lb (73,000 kg) certificated November 4, 1985.
First delivery: February, 1985 to Alaska Airlines - initially as -82 powered by -217A engines and certificated as MD-82s. Alaska Airlines' first four aircraft were subsequently re-engined and re-certificated as MD-83s.
Entry into service: February, 1985 with Alaska Airlines.
Last delivery: December 28, 1999 to TWA.
MD-87
In January 1985 McDonnell Douglas announced that it was to produce a shorter fuselage MD-80 development aircraft, designated the MD-87 (DC-9-87), which would seat between 109 and 130 passengers depending upon configuration. The designation was intended to indicate its planned date of entry into service, 1987.
Dimensions: With an overall length of 130 feet 5 inches (39.75 m), the MD-87 is 17 feet 4 inches (5.28 m) shorter than the other MD-80s but is otherwise generally similar to them, employing the same engines, systems and flight deck. The MD-87 features modifications to its tail, with a fin extension above the tailplane. It also introduced a new low drag "beaver" tail cone, which became standard on all MD-80s.
Powerplant: The MD-87 was offered with either the 20,000 lbf (89 kN) thrust JT8D-217C or the 21,000 lbf (93 kN) thrust -219.
Performance: Two basic versions of the MD-87 were made available with either an MTOW of 140,000 lb (64,000 kg) and MLW of 128,000 lb (58,000 kg) or an MTOW of 149,000 lb (68,000 kg) and an MLW of 130,000 lb (59,000 kg). Fuel capacity is 5,840 US gallons (22,100 l), increasing to 6,970 US gallons (26,400 l) with the incorporation of two auxiliary fuel tanks. Typical range with 130 passengers, is 2,370 nautical miles (4,390 km) increasing to 2,900 nautical miles (5,400 km) with two auxiliary fuel tanks.
Cabin: The MD-87 provides typical mixed-class seating for 114 passengers or 130 in an all economy layout (five-abreast 31 in and 32 in seat pitch). The maximum seating, exit limited, is for 139 passengers.
MD-87 timeline[edit]
Announced/go-ahead: January 1985.
First flight: December 4, 1986.
FAA certification: October 21, 1987.
First delivery: November 27, 1987 to Austrian Airlines.[22]
Last delivery: March 27, 1992 to Scandinavian Airlines (SAS).
MD-88
The MD-88 was the last variant of the MD-80, which was launched on January 23, 1986 on the back of orders and options from Delta Air Lines for a total of 80 aircraft.
The MD-88 is, depending on specification, basically similar to the MD-82 or MD-83 except that it incorporates an EFIS cockpit instead of the more traditional analog flight deck of the other MD-80s. Other changes incorporated into the MD-88 include a wind shear warning system and general updating of the cabin interior/trim. These detail changes are relatively minor and were written back as standard on the MD-82/83. The wind shear warning system was offered as a standard option on all other MD-80s and has been made available for retrofitting on earlier aircraft including the DC-9.
Delta's earlier delivered MD-82s were upgraded to MD-88 specification. When McDonnell Douglas was asked why these aircraft were MD-88s and not MD-82s, they said that the customer, Delta Air Lines, thought that its specification was sufficiently different to warrant a new designation. MD-88 deliveries began in December 1987 and it entered service with Delta in January 1988.
Performance: The MD-88 has the same weights, range, and airfield performance as the other long-body aircraft (MD-82 and MD-83) and is powered by the same engines. MDC quotes a typical range for the MD-88 as 2,050 nautical miles (3,800 km) with 155 passengers. Range with 155 passenger is increased to 2,504 nautical miles (4,637 km) with two additional auxiliary fuel tanks (similar to the MD-83).
MD-88 timeline[edit]
Announced/go-ahead: January 23, 1986.
First flight: August 15, 1987.
FAA certification: December 8, 1987.
First delivery: December 19, 1987 to Delta Air Lines.
Entry into service: January 5, 1988 with Delta Air Lines.
Last delivery: June 25, 1997 to Onur Air.
|